Texas PPR (Pedagogy and Professional Responsibilities) Practice Test 2026 - Free Practice Questions and Study Guide

The stage of Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt, which occurs in young children typically between the ages of 1 and 3 years, is primarily focused on the development of personal autonomy and independence. During this stage, children are learning to assert their will and make choices, which is integral to their development of self-control and confidence.

The central question for this stage revolves around the child's ability to explore the world around them. As they gain skills and engage in new activities, they navigate a balance between independence and the potential for shame or doubt about their capabilities. Successful exploration leads to a sense of autonomy, while excessive criticism or control can lead to feelings of shame and doubt regarding their abilities.

In this context, exploring the world is crucial for young children as it enables them to build confidence and agency, contributing to their overall psychological development. This exploration sets the foundation for healthy self-esteem and further stages of identity development later on.